Key Terms

Review key terms and their meanings to better understand Unconscious and Conscious Bias, Ageism, Ableism, Sexism, Intersectionality, LGBTQ+, Religion, Racism and Xenophobia and more.

Key Terms

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Ableism

Unwanted, exploitative or abusive conduct against disabled people that violates their dignity and security or creates intimidating or offensive environments that often results in psychological privileges for people without disabilities and can have disadvantages for people with disabilities.

Reference: Lindsay et al. 2022; Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation
Article DOI: 10.1007/s10926-022-10049-4

Agender

Of, relating to, or being a person who has an internal sense of being neither male nor female nor some combination of male and female : of, relating to, or being a person whose gender identity is genderless or neutral.

Reference: Merriam Webster

Ageism

Ageism refers to the stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination towards others or oneself based on age.

Reference: WHO ,WHO stats

Aggression

Spoken or physical behavior that is threatening or involves harm to someone or something.

Reference: Cambridge Dictionary

Ally

One that is associated with another as a helper; a person or group that provides assistance and support in an ongoing effort, activity or struggle

Reference: Merriam-Webster Dictionary

Disruptive Behavior

A behavior that interferes with effective clinical performance and can include: inappropriate anger or resentment, inappropriate words or actions directed toward another person, and inappropriate response to needs and requests of others that is often intended to harm to intimidate others.

Reference: Reynolds 2012; Journal of Medical Regulation

Article DOI: 10.30770/2572-1852-98.1.8

Cisgender

Of, relating to, or being a person whose gender identity corresponds with the sex the person had or was identified as having at birth.

Reference: Merriam Webster

Gender

Conventionally, refers to the “social, psychological, and emotional traits, attitudes, norms and behaviors, often influenced by society’s expectations, that classify someone as man, woman, both, or neither.

Reference: AMA

Gender Dysphoria

refers to psychological distress that results from an incongruence between one’s sex assigned at birth and one’s gender identity.

Reference: AMA

Gender Expression

Refers to how a person publicly expresses or presents their gender. This can include behavior and outward appearance such as dress, hair, make-up, body language and voice. A person’s chosen name and pronoun are also common ways of expressing gender. Others perceive a person’s gender through these attributes.

Reference: OHRC

Gender Transition

A process a person may take to bring themselves and/or their bodies into alignment with their gender identity. It may include but not necessarily limited to: telling one’s friends, family and co-workers; changing one’s name and pronouns; updating legal documents; medical interventions such as hormone therapy; or surgical intervention, often called gender confirmation surgery.

Reference: APA

Harassment

Unwelcome conduct that is based on race, color, religion, sex (including sexual orientation, gender identity, or pregnancy), national origin, age, disability, or genetic information (including family medical history) that becomes unlawful where enduring the offensive conduct becomes a condition of continued employment, or the conduct is severe or pervasive enough to create a work environment that a reasonable person would consider intimidating, hostile, or abusive

Reference: EEOC

Intersectionality

The interconnected nature of social categorizations such as race, class, and gender, as they relate to creating overlapping and interdependent systems of discrimination or disadvantage.

Reference: CRJ

Gender Identity

How people conceptualize themselves as gendered beings, including one’s innate and personal experience of gender. This may or may not align with one’s gender expression or biological sex.

Reference: AMA

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Intersex

An umbrella term used to describe individuals with differences in reproductive anatomy, chromosomes or hormones that do not fit typical definitions of male and female.

Reference: NPR

Macroaggression

Brief and commonplace daily verbal, behavioral, and environmental indignities, whether intentional or unintentional, that communicate hostile, derogatory, or negative slights and insults to the target person or group.

Reference: Sue et al. 2007; American Psychologist

Article DOI: 10.1037/0003-066X.62.4.271

Microaggression

Snubs, slights, insults directed toward minorities or stigmatized groups that implicitly communicate or engender hostility

Reference: Sue et al. 2007; American Psychologist

Article DOI: 10.1037/0003-066X.62.4.271

National Origin Discrimination

Refers to treating a person unfavorably because they are from a particular country or part of the world, because of ethnicity or accent, or because they appear to be of a certain ethnic background.

Reference: EEOC

Nonbinary/Genderqueer

Describes an individual whose gender identity doesn’t align with a binary understanding of gender, including those who think of themselves as both male and female, neither, moving between genders, a third gender or outside of gender altogether.

Reference: APA

Race Discrimination

Involves treating a person unfavorably because he/she is of a certain race or because of personal characteristics associated with race (such as hair texture, skin color, or certain facial features).

Reference: EEOC

Religious Discrimination

Involves treating a person unfavorably because of his or her religious beliefs

Reference: EEOC

Retaliation

Unfair or adverse action against an employee for engaging in protected activities such as providing information related to a complaint or participation in an investigation

Reference: US Department of Labor

Sexism

Sex based discrimination involves treating a person unfavorably because of that person’s sex, including the person’s sexual orientation, gender identity, or pregnancy.

Reference: EEOC

Sexual Harassment

Unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical harassment of a sexual nature.

Reference: EEOC

Sex

Refers to a person’s biological status and is typically assigned at birth, usually on the basis of external anatomy. Sex is typically categorized as male, female or intersex.

Reference: NPR

Transgender

An umbrella term encompassing those whose gender identities or gender roles differ from those typically associated with the sex they were assigned at birth.

Reference: APA 

Sexual Orientation

Sexual orientation is an often enduring pattern of emotional, romantic, and/or sexual attractions to men, women, or both. It also refers to an individual’s sense of personal and social identity based on those attractions, related behaviors, and membership in a community of others who share those attractions and behaviors.

Reference: APA

Workplace Violence

Any act or threat of physical violence, harassment, intimidation, or other threatening disruptive behavior that occurs at a place of employment. It ranges from threats and verbal abuse to physical assaults and even homicide. Workplace Violence may be defined as but not limited to:
—Verbal aggression and threats of harm to our facility, threats of bodily harm to the staff, and/or threats against the welfare and safety of staff, patients, and visitors.
—Written acts of aggression and/or threats.
—Physical aggression or physical violence capable of causing death or serious bodily injury to oneself or others, or damage to property.
—Throwing, projecting or otherwise purposefully mobilizing bodily fluids onto a healthcare worker.

Reference: Department of Labor

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