Publications – Fungal Reference Laboratory

Faculty Publications

Lab Publications- Fungal Diagnostics

Leal Jr. SM, Document Development Committee. CLSI M54 Fungal Detection from Clinical Specimens. 2021. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. 2^nd Edition- In Press

Leal Jr, S.M.*, Rodino, K.G., Fowler, W.C. and Gilligan, P.H., 2021. Practical Guidance for Clinical Microbiology Laboratories: Diagnosis of Ocular Infections. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 34(3), pp.e00070-19.PMID: 34076493

Zhang, S., Babady E., Hanson, KE, Harrington, AT, Larkin, P, Leal Jr. S.M., Luethy, PM, Martin IW, Pancholi P, Procop GW, Riedel S, Seyedmousavi S, Sullivan, KV , Walsh, TJ, Lockhart, SR. Recognition of Diagnostic Gaps for Laboratory Diagnosis of Fungal Infections: Expert Opinion from the Fungal Diagnostics Laboratories Consortium (FDLC). J Clin Microbiology. 2021. PMID: 33504591

de Hoog, S., Walsh, T. J., Ahmed, S. A., Alastruey-Izquierdo, A., Alexander, B. D., Arendrup, M. C., Leal Jr., SM … & Zhang, S. X. (2023). A conceptual framework for nomenclatural stability and validity of medically important fungi: a proposed global consensus guideline for fungal name changes supported by ABP, ASM, CLSI, ECMM, ESCMID-EFISG, EUCAST-AFST, FDLC, IDSA, ISHAM, MMSA, and MSGERC. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, e00873-23. PMID: 37882528

Miller JM, Binnicker MJ, Campbell S, Carroll KC, Chapin KC, Gonzalez MD, Harrington A, Jerris RC, Kehl SC, Leal Jr., SM, Patel R, Pritt BS, Richter SS, Robinson-Dunn B, Snyder JW, Telford S 3rd, Theel ES, Thomson RB Jr, Weinstein MP, Yao JD. Guide to Utilization of the Microbiology Laboratory for Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases: 2024 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and the American Society for Microbiology (ASM). Clin Infect Dis. 2024 Mar 5:ciae104. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciae104. PMID: 38442248.

UAB Fungal Reference Lab- Original Articles and Reviews in Clinical Microbiology 2016-2024

1. Leal Jr. SM, Jones M, and Gilligan PH. The clinical significance of commensal gram- positive rods routinely isolated from clinical samples. J Clin Microbiology. 2016.54.12: 2928-2936. PMID:27629905

2. Leal Jr. SM., and Margaret L. Gulley. Current and Emerging Molecular Tests for Human Papillomavirus–Related Neoplasia in the Genomic Era. J Molecular Diagnostics. 2017. Volume 19, Issue 3, 366-377, PMID: 28325688

3. Leal Jr. SM, Popowitch EB, Levinson KJ, John TM, Lehman B, Rios MB, and Miller MB. Quantitative thresholds enable accurate identification of Clostridium difficile infection by the Luminex xTAG GI pathogen panel. J Clin Microbiology. 2018. JCM-01885. PMID: 29643194

4. Totten AH, Leal Jr. SM, Ratliff AE, Li Xiao, Crabb DM, and Waites KB. Evaluation of the ELITe InGenius^® PCR for Detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae. J Clin Microbiology. 2019. doi:10.1128/JCM.00287-19. PMID: 30971463

5. Lehman, B., Leal Jr. SM., Procop, G.W., O’Connell, E., Shaik, J., Nash, T.E., Nutman, T.B., Jones, S., Braunthal, S., Shah, S.N. and Cruise, M.W. Disseminated Metacestode Versteria Species Infection in Woman, Pennsylvania, USA. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2019. 25(7), p.1429. PMID: 31211937

6. Richter, S.S., Otiso, J., Goje, O.J., Vogel, S., Aebly, J., Keller, G., Van Heule, H., Wehn, D., Stephens, A.L., Zanotti, S., Johnson, T., Leal Jr. S.M., Procop G.W., 2019. Prospective Evaluation of Molecular Assays for Diagnosis of Vaginitis. J Clin Microbiology. 2019. 58(1). PMID: 31694966

7. Alishlash, A.S., Atkinson, T.P., Schlappi, C., Leal Jr. S.M., Waites, K.B. and Xiao, L. Mycoplasma pneumoniae carriage with de novo macrolide-resistance and breakthrough pneumonia. Pediatrics. 2019. 144(4), p.e20191642. PMID: 32817226

8. Higgins, A.B., Farmakiotis, D., Rogers, R., Osband, A.J., Seo, A., Chen, B., Birkenbach, M.P., Crabb, D., Xiao, L., Leal Jr. S.M. and Waites, K. Hyperammonemia syndrome due to Ureaplasma urealyticum in a kidney transplant recipient: a case of disseminated disease from a fluoroquinolone‐resistant isolate. Transplant Infectious Disease. 2020. p.e13328. PMID: 32416005

9. Wei, Q., Leal Jr. S.M., Qarmali, M., Wilcox, C.M., Patel, C.R. and Al Diffalha, S., Sarcina ventriculi: A Rare Case of Life-Threatening Perforated Gastric Ulcer and Review of Literature. J Gastric Surgery. 2020. 2(2), pp.53-56.

10. Walker, J., Fleece, M.E., Griffin, R.L., Leal Jr. S.M., Alsip, J.A., Stigler, W.S., Nafziger, S.D., Marrazzo, J.M. and Lee, R.A. Decreasing High Risk Exposures for Healthcare-workers through Universal Masking and Universal SARS-CoV-2 Testing upon entry to a Tertiary Care Facility. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2020. PMID: 32901247

11. Leal Jr. S.M., Totten, A.H., Xiao, L., Crabb, D.M., Ratliff, A., Duffy, L.B., Fowler, K.B., Mixon, E., Winchell, J.M., Diaz, M.H. and Benitez, A.J. Evaluation of Commercial Molecular Diagnostic Methods for Detection and Determination of Macrolide Resistance in Mycoplasma pneumoniae. J Clin Microbiology. 2020. 58(6). PMID: 32269102

12. Waites, K.B., Crabb, D.M., Xiao, L., Duffy, L.B. and Leal Jr. S.M*. In Vitro Activities of Eravacycline and Other Antimicrobial Agents Against Human Mycoplasmas and Ureaplasmas. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 2020. PMID: 32513794

13. Zhang, S., Babady E., Hanson, KE, Harrington, AT, Larkin, P, Leal Jr. S.M., Luethy, PM, Martin IW, Pancholi P, Procop GW, Riedel S, Seyedmousavi S, Sullivan, KV , Walsh, TJ, Lockhart, SR. Recognition of Diagnostic Gaps for Laboratory Diagnosis of Fungal Infections: Expert Opinion from the Fungal Diagnostics Laboratories Consortium (FDLC). J Clin Microbiology. 2021. PMID: 33504591

14. John, T.M., Shrestha, N.K., Procop, G.W., Grove, D., Leal Jr, S.M., Jacob, C.N., Butler, R. and Dweik, R., 2021. Diagnosis of Clostridioides difficile infection by analysis of volatile organic compounds in breath, plasma, and stool: A cross-sectional proof-of-concept study. PloS one, 16(8), p.e0256259. PMID: 34407120

15. Leal Jr, S.M.*, Rodino, K.G., Fowler, W.C. and Gilligan, P.H., 2021. Practical Guidance for Clinical Microbiology Laboratories: Diagnosis of Ocular Infections. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 34(3), pp.e00070-19.PMID: 34076493

16. Shanmugam, C., Behring, M., Luthra, V., Leal Jr., S.M., Varambally, S., Netto, G.J. and Manne, U., 2022. Meta-analysis of the robustness of COVID-19 diagnostic kit performance during the early pandemic. BMJ open, 12(4), p.e053912. PMID: 35450897

17. McCarty, T.P., White C.M., Meeder J., Moates, D., Pierce, H.M., Edwards S.W., Hutchinson, J., Lee, R.A., Leal Jr, S.M*. Analytical performance and potential clinical utility of the GenMark Dx ePlex® blood culture identification gram-positive panel. Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. 2022 Jul 11;104(3):115762. PMID: 35988351

18. Guillamet, L. J. V., Marx, G. E., Benjamin, W., Pappas, P., Lieberman, N. A., Bachiashvili, K., Leal Jr, S.M., & Lieberman, J. A. (2023). Relapsing Fever Caused by Borrelia lonestari after Tick Bite in Alabama, USA. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 29(2). PMID: 36692856

19. McCarty, T.P., Cumagun, P., Meeder, J., Moates, D., Edwards, W.S., Hutchinson, J., Lee, R.A. and Leal Jr, S.M.* , 2023. Test Performance and Potential Clinical Utility of the GenMark Dx ePlex Blood Culture Identification Gram-Negative Panel. Microbiology Spectrum, 11(1), pp.e04092-22. PMID: 36688641

20. Herrera, L.N., Khodadadi, R., Leal Jr, S.M., Kulkarni, P., Pappas, P. and McCarty, T., 2023. Clinical Utility of Routine Use of Fungal Blood Cultures. The American Journal of Medicine. PMID: 36849070

21. de Hoog, S., Walsh, T. J., Ahmed, S. A., Alastruey-Izquierdo, A., Alexander, B. D., Arendrup, M. C., Leal Jr., SM … & Zhang, S. X. (2023). A conceptual framework for nomenclatural stability and validity of medically important fungi: a proposed global consensus guideline for fungal name changes supported by ABP, ASM, CLSI, ECMM, ESCMID-EFISG, EUCAST-AFST, FDLC, IDSA, ISHAM, MMSA, and MSGERC. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, e00873-23. PMID: 37882528

22. Doernberg, S. B., Arias, C. A., Altman, D. R., Babiker, A., Boucher, H. W., Creech, C. B., Leal Jr., SM …… & Holland, T. L. (2023). Priorities and Progress in Gram-positive Bacterial Infection Research by the Antibacterial Resistance Leadership Group: A Narrative Review. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 77(Supplement_4), S295-S304. PMID: 37843115

23. de Hoog, S., Walsh, T.J., Ahmed, S.A., Alastruey-Izquierdo, A., Alexander, B.D., Arendrup, M.C., Babady, E., Bai, F.Y., Balada-Llasat, J.M., Borman, A. Leal Jr., S.M., … and Chowdhary, A., 2024. Reply to Kidd et al.,“Inconsistencies within the proposed framework for stabilizing fungal nomenclature risk further confusion”. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, pp.e01625-23. PMID: 38441056

24. Graffice, E., Moates, D., Leal Jr, S.M., Amerson-Brown, M. and Calix, J.J., 2024. Epidemiological, phylogenetic, and resistance heterogeneity among Acinetobacter baumannii in a major US Deep South healthcare center. medRxiv, pp.2024-03.

25. Miller JM, Binnicker MJ, Campbell S, Carroll KC, Chapin KC, Gonzalez MD, Harrington A, Jerris RC, Kehl SC, Leal Jr., SM, Patel R, Pritt BS, Richter SS, Robinson-Dunn B, Snyder JW, Telford S 3rd, Theel ES, Thomson RB Jr, Weinstein MP, Yao JD. Guide to Utilization of the Microbiology Laboratory for Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases: 2024 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and the American Society for Microbiology (ASM). Clin Infect Dis. 2024 Mar 5:ciae104. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciae104. PMID: 38442248.

Books and Book Chapters

1. Pearlman E, Leal Jr. SM, Tarabishy A, Sun Y, Szczotka-Flynn L, Imamura Y, Mukherjee P, Chandra J, Hastings S, Momany M and Ghannoum M. Pathogenesis of fungal keratitis. Encyclopedia of the Eye. 2010. Chapter 22: 268-272, Academic Press ISBN:9780123741981.

2. Leal Jr. SM, Waites, KB. Mycoplasma Infections. Schlossberg infectious Diseases. Cambridge University Press. 2021. 3rd edition- In Press

3. Leal Jr. SM, Li Xiao, Glass J., Viscardi R, Waites KB, & Glass J.. Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma. Molecular Typing in Bacterial Infections. 2021. Humana Press, 2^nd edition- In Press

4. Leal Jr. SM, Document Development Committee. CLSI M54 Fungal Detection from Clinical Specimens. 2021. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. 2^nd Edition- In Press

5. Totten AH, Farr GA, Leal Jr. SM. M. pneumoniae. PathologyOutlines.com website. https://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/microbiologympneumoniae.html. Accessed November 15th, 2020.

6. Totten AH, Farr GA, Leal Jr. SM. M. hominis / Ureaplasma spp.. PathologyOutlines.com website. https://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/microbiologymhominis.html. Accessed November 15th, 2020.

7. Totten AH, Farr GA, Leal Jr.SM. M. genitalium. PathologyOutlines.com website. https://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/microbiologymgenitalium.html . Accessed November 15th, 2020.

8. Larsen N, Farr GA, Leal Jr. SM. Nocardia. PathologyOutlines.com website. https://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/microbiologynocardia.html. Accessed November 15th, 2020.

9. Burkett A, Saitornuang S, Leal Jr. SM. Dematiaceous molds. PathologyOutlines.com website. https://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/microbiologydematiaceousmolds.html. Accessed November 15th, 2020.

10. Burkett A, Farr GA, Leal Jr. SM. Cryptococcus neoformans & gatti. Pathology Outlines.com website. https://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/microbiologycneoformans.html. Accessed November 15th, 2020.

11. Mruthyunjayappa S, Leal Jr. SM. Histoplasma capsulatum. PathologyOutlines.com website. https://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/microbiologyhcapsulatum.html Accessed March 18th, 2021

12. Burkett A, Saitornuang S, Leal Jr. SM. Zygomycetes. PathologyOutlines.com website. https://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/microbiologyzygomycetes.html. Accessed March 18th, 2021.

13. Amerson-Brown, M., Leal Jr. SM. Serratia species. PathologyOutlines.com website. https://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/microbiologyserratiaspecies.html. Accessed March 10th, 2022.

14. Mruthyunjayappa, S., Leal Jr. SM. Blastomyces. PathologyOutlines.com website. https://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/microbiologyblastomyces.html Accessed April 20th, 2022.

15. Larsen N, Perez V. Leal Jr. SM. Actinomyces. PathologyOutlines.com website. https://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/microbiologyactinomyces.html. Accessed September 6th, 2022.

16. Larsen N, Perez V. Leal Jr. SM. Hyaline molds. PathologyOutlines.com website. https://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/microbiologyhyalinemolds.html. Accessed September 6th, 2022.

17. Elsevier ExpertPath- Microbiology Section, Chapter 1-175, https://www.expertpath.com/

18. 2016. 9.7 Sputum, Aspirates, and Biopsy Material, 9.7.1 Expectorated Sputum: Direct‐Mount and Stained Preparations. Clinical Microbiology Procedures Handbook, 4th Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781683670438.CMPH.ch9.7. Updated online in 2022; 5^th edition.

19. 2016. 9.7 Sputum, Aspirates, and Biopsy Material, 9.7.2 Aspirates and Bronchoscopy Specimens. Clinical Microbiology Procedures Handbook, 4th Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781683670438.CMPH.ch9.7. Updated online in 2022; 5^th edition.

20. 2016. 9.7 Sputum, Aspirates, and Biopsy Material, 9.7.3 9.7.3 Biopsy Specimens. Clinical Microbiology Procedures Handbook, 4th Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781683670438.CMPH.ch9.7. Updated online in 2022; 5^th edition.

21. 2016. 8.6 Presumptive Identification Tests for Yeasts Isolated on Primary Culture. Clinical Microbiology Procedures Handbook, 4th Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781683670438.CMPH.ch8.6. Updated online in 2022; 5^th edition.

22. 2016. 8.7 Identification of Moulds on Primary Culture. Clinical Microbiology Procedures Handbook, 4th Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781683670438.CMPH.ch8.7. Updated online in 2022; 5^th edition.

23. Riegler AN, Leal Jr. SM.. Streptococcus pneumoniae. PathologyOutlines.com website. https://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/microbiologystreptococcuspneumoniae.html. Accessed March 5th, 2023.

24. Chellappan R, Leal Jr., SM. Balamuthia. PathologyOutlines.com website. https://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/parasitologybalamuthia.html. Accessed March 5th, 2023.

25. Riegler, AN and Leal, Jr., SM, 2024. Diagnosing Ocular Infections in the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory. Clinical Microbiology Newsletter.